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경제성장은 국민생활 수준의 향상과 과학과 의학의 급격한 발전을 가져와 인간의 평균수명은 연장되어 가고 있으며, 아울러 노년여성의 수명년한은 남성수명보다 더 길어가고 또한 산업근대화에 따른 인구이동, 핵가족화는 노년여성을 사회심리적으로 고독과 소외를 느끼게 하였고, 신체적으로 연령이 증가함에 따라 모든 기관의 활동력의 감퇴를 가져오고 있다. 이러한 특성을 갖고 살아가는 노년 여성들에게 인간의 기본권리인 건강유지에 대한 중요성을 더욱 강조하게 되어 본 연구에서는 일상생활에서 개인위생에 대한 지식과 실천정도를 파악하고자 연구를 시도하였다.
Economic development has brought about high standard of living, advanced medical science, which lengthens life expectancy -Industrialism caused migration, prevalence of nuclear family, and aged women´s isolation. And as aged women grow old, they become weak physically. Therefore they deserve special attention on their keeping health which is one of the basic human rights. In this study I have attempted to grasp the degree- of knowledge and practice of individual hygiene in daily activities.
The objects of this study are:
1. To grasp general characteristics of aged women.
2. To grasp aged women´s practice of individual hygiene.
3. To grasp the correlation between the knowledge and practice of aged women´s individual hygiene.
4. To grasp the correlation between general characteristics and the knowledge and practice of individual hygiene.
The data were collected between April 1, 1983 and April 30, 1983. The study object was 113 aged women registered in five aged peoples´ college. The author collected data with questionnaire visiting each college. The data were analyzed by percentage, t-test, Pearson Correlation to gain the following conclusion:
1. Study object´s general characteristics
55.8 percent of them had age between 65 and 69, 58.4 percent believed in Buddhism, and 75.2 percent were widows. 72.6 percent lived with the first son, 71.7 percent were under their son´s economic hegemony, and 61.9 percent were literates and finished primary schools.
2. Aged women´s practices of individual hygiene
1) Personal hygiene :38.1 percent of them bathed once a week, 44.2 percent washed their hair in every 2 or 4´ days, 90.3 percent washed their hands whenever necessary, and 59.3 percent washed their feet before going to bed.
2) Clothes hygiene :61.1 percent changed their undershirts in every 3 or 5 days,46.0 percent changed their outer garments in every 5 or 7 days, 84.1 percent changed their socks every day, 82.3 percent use their own handkerchiefs.
3) Health management :69.1 percent used their glasses, 39.8 percent brushed teeth every morning and evening, 36.3 percent went to the dentist because of their decayed teeth, 96.5 percent used their handkerchiefs or waste paper when they had tears or nasal mucus, 79.6 percent spat in their waste paper while on the street, 46.9 percent used rooms exclusively, 83.2 percent were non-smokers, when in bad health, 56.6 went to drug stores, and 65..5 percent took no ant parasite.
3. The correlation between knowledge and practice of personal hygiene of aged women The analysis of 25 items of knowledge and practice of individual hygiene showed as follows
The items which had the most points of 1.982 were I change street clothes into home wear when I return home," " I wash m y body with soap before I go into bathing tub," and " I wash my hands when I come out from toilet, before I have meals, and I return home."
The pearson Correlation verification showed that the correlation of knowledge and practice had significant difference at the level of one percent.
4. The correlation between aged women´s general characteristics and knowledge and practice of individual hygiene : in formal schooling and knowledge there was significant difference at the level of 5 percent, in age and practice of personal hygiene there was inverse relationship at the significant level of one percent, and there was positive correlation in the relation of formal schooling and practice of individual hygiene.
The above results that the study objects showed high rate of knowledge and practice of personal hygiene suggests the conclusion that the general public have high level of health knowledge.
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